SOURCE CLAY BIBLIOGRAPHY
Listed below is a preliminary list of reference data for the sourceclays. The
Society asks that you review the listing and add any referencesthat are
missing. Please submit the missing references to The ClayMinerals Society,
Leslie Shivers, Manager, P.O. Box 460130, Aurora, CO80046-0130 USA. Phone:
(303)680-9002, FAX: (303)680-9003, Email:cms@clays.org, to complete the summaries
availablefor each of the Source Clays.
References will be listed for categories including: geology,
chemistry,crystallography, and physical properties. A separate
"identification"category will have listings for x-ray diffraction
infrared spectroscopy,electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis.
Presently there are no references for the description of the
illite-smectitemixed-layer material, or the Washington corrensite and the
supply of illite-smectiteis temporarily depleted.
SOURCE CLAY MINERALS
Kaolin KGa-1 or KGa-1b and KGa-2
White, G.N., Dixon, J.B., Weaver, R.M. and Kunkle, A.C. ,1992,
Sedimentarystructure in gray kaolins of Georgia. Clays and Clay Minerals,
40,555-560.
Schroeder, P.A. Pruett, R.J. and Hurst, V.J., 1998, Effects of secondaryiron
phases on kaolinite 27Al MAS NMR spectra. Clays and Clay Minerals,46,429-435.
Hurst, V.J. and Pickering, S.M., 1997, Origin and classification ofcoastalplain
kaolins, southeastern USA, and the role of groundwater and microbialaction.
Clays and Clay Minerals, 45, 274-285.
Schroth, B.K. and Sposito G., 1997, Surface charge properties ofkaolinite.Clays
and Clay Minerals, 45, 85-91.
Bickmore, B.R., Hoichella, M.F. Jr., Bosbach, ED., Charlet, L. 1999,Methodsfor
performing atomic force microscopy imaging of clay minerals in
aqueoussolutions, Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 573-581.
Aja, S., 1998, The sorption of the rare earth element, ND, onto kaoliniteat250
C, Clays and Clay Minerals, 46, 103-109.
Zbik, M., and R. St.C. Smart, 1998, Nanomorphology of kaolinites:comparative
SEM and AFM studies, Clays and Clay Minerals, 46, 153-160.
Ward, D.B. and P.V. Brady, 1998, Effect of Al and organic acids on thesurface
chemistry of kaolinite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 46, 453-465.
Gaite, J.-M., Ermakoff, P., Allard, Th. and Muller, J.-P., 1997,Paramagnetic
Fe3+: a sensitive probe for disorder in kaolinite, Clays andClay Minerals, 45,
496-505.
Stein, J.A., and A. Fitch, 1996, Effects of clay type on the
diffusionalproperties of a clay-modified electrode, Clays and Clay Minerals,
44,381-392.
Frost, R.L. and A.M. Vassallo, 1996, The dehyrdoxylation of the kaoliniteclay
minerals using infrared spectroscopy, Clays and Clay Minerals, 44,635-651.
Malekani, K., Rice, J.A., and Lin, J-S, 1996, Comparison of techniques fordetermining
the fractal dimensions of clay minerals. Clays and ClayMinerals, 44, 677-685.
Singh, B, And I. D.R. Mackinnon, 1996, Experimental transformation ofkaolinite
to halloysite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 44, 825-834.
Frost, R.L., 1995, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of kaolinite,dickite
and halloysite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 191-195.
Artioli, G., Bellotto, M., Gualtieri, A., and Pavese, A., 1995, Nature
andstructural disorder in natural kaolinites: a new model based on
computersimulation of powder diffraction data and electrostatic
energycalculation,Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 438-445.
Malengreau, N., Muller, J-P, and Calas, G., 1995, Spectroscopic
approachforinvestigating the status and mobility of Ti in kaolinitic materials,
Claysand Clay Minerals, 43, 615-621.
Tunney, J. and C. Detellier, 1994, Preparation and characterization of
twodistinct ethylene glycol derivatives of kaolinite, Clays and
ClayMinerals,42, 552-560.
Malengreau, N., Muller, J-P, and Calas, G., 1994, Fe-Speciation inkaolins:a
diffuse reflectance study, Clays and Clay Minerals, 42, 137-147.
Tunney, J. and C. Detellier, 1994, Preparation and characterization of an8.4A
hydrate of kaolinite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 42, 473-476.
Pruett, R.J. and H.L. Webb, 1993, Sampling and analysis of
KGa-1Bwell-crystallized kaolin source clay, Clays and Clay Minerals,
41,514-519.
Mackinnon, I.D.R., Uwins, P.J.R., Yago, A., and Page, D., 1993,
Kaoliniteparticle sizes in the <2 ?m range using laser scattering, Clays and ClayMinerals, 41, 613-623.>
Gehring, A.U., Fry, I.V., Luster, J. and Sposito, G., 1993, The chemicalform of
vanadium (IV) in kaolinite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 41,662-667.
Uwins, P.J.R , Mackinnon, I.D.R., Thompson, J.G. and Yago, A., 1993,Kaolinite :
NMF intercalates. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 707-717.
Thompson, J.G., Uwins, P.J.R, Whittaker, A., Mackinnon, I.D.R, 1992,Structural
characterization of kaolinite:NaCl intercalate and itsderivatives, Clays and
Clay Minerals, 40, 369-380.
Zhou, Z. and W.D. Gunter, 1992, Surface charge of kaolinite, Clays
andClayMinerals, 40, 365-368.
Singh, S.P.N. and S.V. Mattigod, 1992, Modeling boron adsorption onkaolinite,
Clays and Clay Minerals, 40, 192-205.
Pennell, K.D., Rhue, R.D., and Harris, W.G., 1991, The effect of heattreatments
on the total charge and exchangeable cations of Ca-, Na-, andLi-saturated
kaolinite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 306-315.
Robie, R.A. and B.S. Hemingway, 1991, Heat capacities of kaolinite form 7to380
K and of DMSO-intercalated kaolinite from 20 to 310 K. The entropy ofkaolinite
Al2Si2O5 (OH)4, Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 362-368.
Johnston, C.T. and D.A. Stone, 1990, Influence of hydrazine on thevibrational
modes of kaolinite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 38, 121-128.
Costanzo, P.M. and R.F. Giese, Jr., 1990, Ordered and disordered
organicintercalates of 8.4 A, synthetically hydrated kaolinite, Clays and
ClayMinerals, 38, 160-170.
Zapp, A.D.,1965, Bauxite deposits of the Andersonville District,
Georgia,U.S.G.S. Bull.1199-G.
Weaver, C.E.,and Pollard, L.D.,1973, The chemistry of clay minerals,
Developmentsin Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., p.137-144.
Huddlestun, P.F.,Marsalis, W.E.,and Pickering, S.M.Jr.,1974, Tertiary
stratigraphyof the Central Georgia Coastal Plain, Georgia Geological Survey
GuidebookNo.12.
Patterson, S.H.,and Buie, B.F.,1974, Field conference on Kaolin and Fuller'sEarth,
Nov.14-16, 1974. Georgia Geological Survey Guidebook No.14.
Tschudy, R.H.,and Patterson, S.H.,1975, Palynological evidence for
LateCretaceous, Paleocene, and Early and Middle Eocene ages for the stratain
the Kaolin Belt, Central Georgia, Journal of Research, U.S.G.S.,p.437-445.
Van Olphen, H.,and Fripiat, J.J.,1979, Data handbook for clay minerals andother
non-metallic materials, Pergamon Press, 346 p
Palygorskite(Attapulgite) PFl-1
Weaver, C.E.,and Pollard, L.D.,1973, The chemistry of clay minerals,
Developmentsin Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., p.119-126.
Patterson, S.H.,1974, Fuller's Earth and other mineral resources of
theMeigs-Attapulgus-Quincy District, Georgia and Florida, U.S.G.S.
ProfessionalPaper 828, p.45.
Patterson, S.H.,and Buie, B.F.,1974, Field conference on Kaolin and
Fuller'sEarth, Nov.14-16,1974. Guidbook 14, Georgia Geological Survey, p.53.
Van Olphen, H.,and Fripiat, J.J.,1979, Data handbook for clay minerals andother
non-metallic materials, Pergamon Press, 346 p
"Cheto" SAz-1 or SAz-2
Janek, M. and L', SmrËok, 1999, Application of an internal standardtechnique by
transmission X-ray diffraction to assess layer charge of amontmorillonite by
using the alkylammonium method, Clays and ClayMinerals,47, 113-118.
Meier, L/P. and G. Kahr, 1999, Determination of the cation
exchangecapacity(CEC) of clay minerals using the complexes of copper(II) ion
withtriethylenetetramine and tetraethylemepentamine, Clays and Clay
Minerals,47, 386-388.
Laird, D.A., 1999, Layer charge influences on the hydration of expandable2:1
phyllosilicates. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 630-636.
Volzone, C. Thompson, J.G., Melnitchenko, A., Ortiga, J., Palethrope,S.R.,1999,
Selective gas adsorption by amorphous clay-mineral derivatives.Claysand Clay
Minerals, 47, 647-657.
Brigatti, M.F., Lugli, C., Montorsi, S., and Poppi, L., 1999, Effects
ofexchange cations and layer-charge location on cysteine retention bysmectites,
Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 664-671.
Stein, J.A., and A. Fitch, 1996, Effects of clay type on the
diffusionalproperties of a clay-modified electrode, Clays and Clay Minerals,
44,381-392.
Undabeytia T., Nir S., Rytwo G., Morillo E., and Maqueda C. 1998.Modeling
adsorption -desorption processes of Cd on montmorillonite. Claysand Clays
Minerals. 46:432-428
Turner David R., Pabalan Roberto T., Bertetti F. Paul. 1998.
Neptunium(V)sorption on montmorillonite: an experimental and surface
complexationmodeling study. Clays and Clays Minerals. 46:256-269.
Johnston Cliff T., Barl William L., Erickson C. 1995. Vibrational andNMRprobe
studies of SAz-1 montmorillonite. In Metal speciation andcontamination of soil.
237-254. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL,USA
Breen Christopher, Watson Ruth, 1998. Acid-activated organoclays:Preparation,
characterization and catalytic activity of polycation-treatedbentonites.
Applied Clay Sciences. 12:479-494.
Brigatti Maria Franca, Corradini Fulvio, Franchini Gian Carlo, MazzoniSilvia,
Medici Luca, Poppi Luciano. 1995. Interaction betweenmontmorillonite and
pollutants from industrial waste-waters: exchange ofZnand Pb from aqueous
solutions. Applied Clay Sciences. 9:383-395.Demir Ilham. 1988. Studies of
smectite membrane behavior:electrokinetic,osmotic, and isotopic fractionation
processes at elevated presures.Geochimica et Cosmochimic Acta. 52:727-737.
Eyde D.T., Eyde Ted T. 1987. Geology and mining of the cheto bentonitedeposit,
Apache County, Arizona. In Zeo-trip'87; an excursion to selectedzeolite and
clay deposits in southwestern New Mexico and eastern Arizona.p47-54. Int. Comm.
Nat. Zeolites. Brockport, New York.
Eyde Ted T., Eyde Dan T. 1987. Bentonite and specialty sand deposits inthe
Bidahochi Formation, Apache County, Arizona. In Aggregates tozeolites(Az) in
Arizona and the southwest. University of Arizona. p123-127.
Colten Virginia Ann 1985. Experimental determination of smectitehydration
states under simulated diagenetic conditions. Dissertation.University of
Illinois-Urbana.
Uno Yasuaki, Kohyama Norihiko, Sato Mitsuo, Takeshi Hideo. 1985Formationand
decomposition of quartz type phases during high temperature
reactionsofmontmorillonite. In Abstracts: 1985 international Clay Conference.
Kerr, P.F.,1949, Reference Clay Minerals, A.P.I. Project 49.
Kiersch, G.A.,and Keller, W.D.,1955, Bleaching clay deposits, Sanders-DefiancePlateau
District, Navajo County, Arizona, Economic Geology, v.50, p.469-494.
Grim, R.E.,and Kulbicki, G.,1961, Montmorillonite: high tempera ture
reactionsand classification,American Mineralogist, v.46, p.1329-1369.
Sloane, R.L.,and Guilbert, J.M.,1967, Electron-optical study of alterationto
smectite in the Cheto clay deposit, Clays and Clay Minerals, v.15,p.35-55.
Weaver, C.E.,and Pollard, L.D.,1973, The chemistry of clay minerals,
Developmentsin Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., p.55-86.
Grim, R.E.,and Guven, N.,1978, Bentonites - geology, mineralogy, properties,and
uses, Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co.,256 p.
Van Olphen, H.,and Fripiat, J.J.,1979, Data handbook for clay minerals andother
non-metallic materials, Pergamon press, 346 p
Hectorite SHCa-1
Foshaq, W.R.,and Woodford, A.O.,1936, Bentonite magnesium clay mineral
fromCalifornia, American Mineralogist, v.21, p.238-244.
Ross, C.S.,and Hendricks, S.B.,1945, Minerals of the Montmorillonite
Group,U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 205-B.
Kerr, P.F.,1949, Reference Clay Minerals, A.P.I. Project 49.
Ames, L.L.Jr.,Sand, L.B.,and Goldich, S.S.,1958, A contribution on the
Hector,California bentonite deposit, Economic Geology, v.53, p.22-37.
Grim, R.E.,and Kulbicki, G.,1961, Montmorillonite: high temperature
reactionsand classification, American Mineralogist, v. 46, p.1329-1369.
Weaver C.E.,and Pollard, L.D.,1973, The chemistry of clay minerals,
Developmentsin sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., p.55-86.
Grim, R.E.,and Guven, N.,1978, Bentonites - geology, mineralogy, properties,and
uses, Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co.,256 p.
Van Olphen, H.,and Fripiat, J.J.,1979, Data handbook for clay minerals andother
non-metallic materials, Pergamon Press, 346 p
Madsen, B.M. 1970 Core logs of three test holes in Cenozoic Lakedeposits near
Hector, California. USGS Bulliten 1296
McAtee, J.L. Jr. 1970. Simultaneous X-ray diffraction ñ DTA. Clays and Clay
Minerals. 18:223-232.
Cebell, W.A. and G.V. Chilingarian. 1972. Some data on compressibility and
density anomalies in halloysite, hectorite and illitic clays. American
Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 56:796-802.
Lindberg, J.D. and D.G. Snyder. 1972. Diffuse reflectance spectra of several
clay minerals. American Mineralogist. 57:485-493.
Trttonhorst, R. and H.E. Roberson. 1973. X-ray diffraction aspects of
montmorillonites. American Mineralogist. 58:73-80.
Weaver C.E.,and Pollard, L.D.,1973. The chemistry of clay minerals,
Developments in sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., p.55-86.
Gillespie, J.B., J.D. Lindberg and M.S. Smith. 1974. Visble and near-infrared
absorption coefficients of montmorillonite and related clays. American
Mineralogist. 59:1113-1116.
Smykatz-Kloss, W. 1974. Differential Thermal Analysis. Application and Results
in Mineralogy. Springer-Verlag, New York
Kadi-Hanifi, M. 1977. Influence de líeau sur la position de líion Ba dans une
hectorite. Acta Crystallographica, Section B. 33:2349-2350.
Kadi-Hanifi, M. 1977. Localisation de líion Ba dans une hectorite a líetat ë0
coucheí. Acta Crystallographica, Section B. 33:633-634.
Starkey, H.C., W. Mountjoy and J.M. gardner. 1977. Removal of fluorine and
lithium from hectorite by solutions spanning a wide range of pH. Journal of
Research of the U.S. Geological Survey. 5:235-242.
Galnzman, R.K. 1978. New occurrences of the lithium-rich smectite, hectorite.
U.S. Geological Service Professional Paper. Report No. P 1100:42-43.
Grim, R.E.,and Guven, N.,1978. Bentonites - geology, mineralogy, properties,
and uses, Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co.,256 p.
Farmer V.C. 1979. P.309 in H. van Olphen and J.J. Fripiat (eds.). Data Handbook
for Clay Minerals and Other Non-metallic Minerals. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Gabis, V. 1979. P.128 in H. van Olphen and J.J. Fripiat (eds.). Data Handbook
for Clay Minerals and Other Non-metallic Minerals. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
MacKenzie, R.C. and S. Callere. 1979. P.244 in H. van Olphen and J.J. Fripiat
(eds.). Data Handbook for Clay Minerals and Other Non-metallic Minerals.
Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Moll, W.F. 1979. P.109. in H. van Olphen and J.J. Fripiat (eds.). Data Handbook
for Clay Minerals and Other Non-metallic Minerals. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Decarreau, A. 1980. Cristallogenese experimentale des smectites magnesiennes;
hectorite, stevensite. Bulletin de Mineralogie 103:579-590.
Tardy, Y, P. Lesniak, P. Duplay and R. Prost. 1980. Energies díhydration des
argiles; application a líhectorite. Bulletin de Mineralogie. 103:217-223.
Sweet, W.E., Jr. 1980. The geology and genesis of hectorite, Hector,
California. P 279-283 In D.L. Fife and A.R. Brown (eds.) Geology and mineral
wealth of the California desert. ????
Kreit, J.F., I. Shainberg and A.J. Herbillon. 1982. Hydrolysis and
decomposition of hectorite in dilute salt solutions. Clays and Clay Minerals.
30:223-231.
Fripiat 1982.
Lemons, K. and J.L. McAtee, Jr. 1982. Induced thermoluminescence of some clay
minerals. Clays and Clay Minerals. 30:311-314.
Earnest, C. E. 1983. Thermal analysis of hectorite. Part I. Thermogravimetry.
Thermochimica Acta. 63: 277-289.
Earnest, C. E. 1983. Thermal analysis of hectorite. Part II. Differential
Thermal Analysis. Thermochimica Acta. 63: 291-306.
Clarke, G.M. 1985. Special clays. Industrial Minerals. 216:25-51.
Newman, A.C.D. and G. Brown. 1987. The Chemical Constitution of Clays. Chapter
1 in A.C.D. Newman (ed). Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals. Mineralogical
Society, Monograph No. 6. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Clarke, G. 1989. Hectorite,: A rare special clay. P. 76-77. In G. Clarke (ed.)
Industrial Clays: A special review. ???
Elmíchaouri, A. and M.H. Simonot-Grange. 1989. Hydration thermodynamic
functions of hectorite and nontronite from experimental isotherms and the
Polanyi-Dubinin method. In. V.C. Farmer and Y. Tardy (eds.) Proceedings of the
9th International Clay Conference, Vol III. Geochemistry of clays, nuclear
waste disposal. Sciences Geologiques, Memoire, Strassburg.
Weiss, C.A., R.J. Kirkpatrick and S.P. Altaner. 1990. The structural
environments of cations adsorbed onto clays: 133Cs variable-temperature MAS NMR
spectroscopic study of hectorite. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta. 54:1655-1669.
Van Oss, C.J., R.F. Giese and P.M. Costanzo. 1990. DLVO and non-DLVO
interactions in hectorite. Clays and Clay Minerals. 38:151-159.
Jaynes, W.F., S.J. Traina, J.M. Bigham and C.T. Johnston. 1992. Preparation and
characterization of reduced-charged hectorites. Clays and Clay Minerals.
40:397-404.
Odom, I.E. 1992. Hectorite deposits in the McDermitt Caldera of Nevada. Mining
Engineering. 44:586-589.
Mercier, L. and C. Detellier. 1994. Intercalation of tetraalkylammonium cations
into smectites and its application to internal surface areas measurements.
Clays and Clay Minerals. 42:71-76.
McBride, M.B. and P. Baveye. 1995. Mobility of anion spin probes in hectorite
gels: viscosity of surficial water. Soil Science Society of America J.
59:388-394.
Komadel, P., J. Madejova, J. Hanek, W.P. Gates, R.J. Kirkpatrick and J.W.
Studki. 1996. Dissolution of Hectorite in inorganic acids. Clays and Clay
Minerals. 44:228-236.
Texas Montmorillonite STx-1
Jaynes, W.F. and J.M. Bigham, 1987, Charge reduction, octahedral
chargeandlithium retention in heated Li-saturated smectites, Clays and
ClayMinerals,35, 440-448.
Schilling, M.R., 1990, Effects of sample size and packing in
thethermogravimetric analysis of calcium montmorillonite. Clays and
ClayMinerals, 38, 556-558.
Villemore, G., 1990, Effect of negative surface-charge densities
ofsmectiteclays on the adsorption isotherms of racemic and enantiomeric
tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) chloride. Clays and Clay Minerals,
38,622-630.
Lebron, I., Suarez, D.L., Amrhein and String, J.E., 1993, Size of micadomains
and distribution of the adsorbed Na-Ca ions, Clays and ClayMinerals, 41,
380-388.
Mercier, L. and C. Detellier, 1994, Intercalation of tetra-alkylammoniumcations
into smectites and its application to internal surface areameasurements. Clays
and Clay Minerlas, 42, 71-76.
Fitch., A., Du, J., Gan, H. and Stucki, J.W., 1995, Effect of clay chargeonswelling:
a clay-modified electrode study, Clays and Clay Minerals, 42,71-76.
Heller-Kallai, L., Goldstein, T.P. and Navorotsky, A., 1996, Activecomponents
in clay condensates and extracts as potential goecatalysts.Claysand Clay
Minerals, 44, 393-397.
Malekani, K., Rice, J.A., and Lin, J-S, 1996, Comparison of techniques
fordetermining the fractal dimensions of clay minerals. Clays and ClayMinerals,
44, 677-685.
Sullivan, D.J., Shore, J.S., and Rice, J.A., 1998, Assessment of cationbinding
to clay minerals using solid-state NMR, Clays and Clay Minerals,46,349-354.
Eargle, D.H.,1959, Stratigraphy of the Jackson Group (Eocene), South
CentralTexas, A.A.P.G. Bull.43, p.2623-2635.
Chem, Pei-Yuan, 1968, Geology and mineralogy of the White bentonite bedsof
Gonzales County, Texas, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin,TX.
Grim, R.E.,and Guven, N.,1978, Bentonites - Geology, mineralogy, properties,and
uses, Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co.,256 p.
Van Olphen, H.,and Fripiat, J.J.,1979, Data handbook for clay minerals andother
non-metallic materials, Pergamon Press, 346 p
Na-Montmorillonite (Wyoming) SWy-1 or SWy-2
Ajjou, A. N., Harouna, D., Detellier, C., and Alper, H. (1997)Cation-exchanged
montmorillonite catalyzed hydration of styrenederivatives.Journal of Molecular
Catalysis A-Chemical, 126, 55-60.
Anderson, M. A., and Bertsch, P. M. (1993) Electrophoretic mobility
andparticle-size of clays using laser-Doppler velocimetry
photon-correlationspectroscopy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57,
1641-1643.
Billingham, J., Breen, C., and Yarwood, J. (1997) Adsorption of
polyamine,polyacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol on montmorillonite: An in
situstudy using ATR-FTIR. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 14, 19-34.
Breen, C., and Watson, R. (1998) Polycation-exchanged clays as
sorbentsfororganic pollutants: Influence of layer charge on pollutant
sorptioncapacity. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 208, 422-429.
Chiou, C. T., and Rutherford, D. W. (1997) Effects of exchanged cation andlayer
charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorilloniteclays. Clays
and Clay Minerals, 45, 867-880.
Cione, A. P. P., Neumann, M. G., and Gessner, F. (1998)
Time-dependentspectrophotometric study of the interaction of basic dyes with
clays -III.Mixed dye aggregates on SWy-1 and Laponite. Journal of Colloid
andInterface Science, 198, 106-112.
Collins, D. R., Fitch, A. N., and Catlow, C. R. A. (1992) Dehydration
ofvermiculites and montmorillonites - a time-resolved powderneutron-diffraction
study. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2,865-873.
Denis, J. H., Keall, M. J., Hall, P. L., and Meeten, G. H. (1991)Influenceof
potassium concentration on the swelling and compaction of mixed (Na,
K)ion-exchanged montmorillonite. Clay Minerals, 26, 255-268.
Dubbin, W. E., Goh, T. B., Oscarson, D. W., and Hawthorne, F. C.
(1994)Properties of hydroxy-Al and hydroxy-Cr interlayers in
montmorillonite.Clays and Clay Minerals, 42, 331-336.
Guggenheim, S., vanGroos, A. F. K. (1992) High-pressure
differentialthermal-analysis (HP-DTA). 1. Dehydration reactions at elevated
pressuresinphyllosilicates. Journal of Thermal Analysis, 38, 1701-1728.
Hall, P. L., and Astill, D. M. (1989) Adsorption of water by homoionicexchange
forms of Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-1). Clays and ClayMinerals,37, 355-363.
Huang, W. L., Bassett, W. A., Wu, T. C. (1994) Dehydration and
hydrationofmontmorillonite at elevated-temperatures and pressures monitored
usingsynchrotron-radiation. American Mineralogist, 79, 683-691.
Joo, P., Fitch, A., and Park, S. H. (1997) Transport in
hydrophobizedmontmorillonite thin films. Environmental Science &
Technology, 31,2186-2192.
Komadel, P, and Schomburg, J. (1993) Swelling of acid-treated
bentonites.Ceramics-Silikaty, 37, 97-99.
Madejova, J., Komadel, P., and Cicel, B. (1994) Infrared study ofoctahedralsite
populations in smectites. Clay Minerals, 29, 319-326.
McBride, M. B. (1995) On the natural Mn(II) EPR signal of SWy-1montmorillonite
- comment. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 383-384.
Menegatti, A. P., Fruh-Green, G. L., and Stille, P. (1999) Removal oforganic
matter by disodium peroxodisulphate: effects on mineral structure,chemical
composition and physicochemical properties of some clay minerals.Clay Minerals,
34, 247-257.
Mercier, L., and Detellier, C. (1994) Intercalation of
tetraalkylammoniumcations into smectites and its application to internal
surface-areameasurements. Clays and Clay Minerals, 42, 71-76.
Neumann, M. G., Schmitt, C. C., and Gessner, F. (1996)
Time-dependentspectrophotometric study of the interaction of basic dyes with
clays. 2.Thionine on natural and synthetic montmorillonites and
hectorites.Journalof Colloid and Interface Science, 177, 495-501.
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case study by Si-29 and Al-27 MAS NMR. Clay Minerals, 29, 11-19.vanGroos, A. F.
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vanGroos, A. F. K., and Guggenheim, S. (1987) Dehydration of aCa-exchangedand a
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flocculation caused by plurivalent counterions by meansofcomplexing agents.
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Grim, R.E.,and Kulbicki, G.,1961, Montmorillonite: high temperature
reactionsand classification, American Mineralogist, v.46, p.1329-1369.
Knechtel, M.M.,and Patterson, S.H.,1962, Bentonite deposits of the
NorthernBlack Hills District, Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota, U.S.G.S.
Bull.1082-M.
Slaughter, M.,and Earley, J.W.,1965, Mineralogical and geological significanceof
the Mowry bentonites, Wyoming, G.S.A. Spec. Paper No.83.
Davis, J.C.,1965, Bentonite deposits of the Clay Spur District, Crook andWeston
counties, Wyoming, Wyoming Geological Survey, Preliminary ReportNo.4.
Osterwald, F.W.,Osterwald, D.B.,Long, J.S.Jr.,and Wilson, W.H.,1966,
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W.H. Wilson).
Weaver, C.E.,and Pollard, L.D.,1973, The chemistry of clay minerals,
Developmentsin Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., p.55-86.
Grim, R.E.,and Guven, N.,1978, Bentonites, geology, mineralogy, properties,and
uses, Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co.,256 p.
Van Olphen, H.,and Fripiat, J.J.,1979, Data handbook for clay minerals andother
non-metallic materials, Pergamon Press, 346 p
Barasym SSM-100 Syn-1
Granquist, W.T.,1966, Synthetic Silicate Minerals, U.S. Patent 3,252,757.
Wright, A.C.,Granquist, W.T.,and Kennedy, J.,1972, Catalysis by layer
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clay, Journal of Catalysis, v.25, p.65-80.
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non-metallic materials, Pergamon Press, 346 p
SPECIAL CLAY MINERALS
Ripidolite (Fe-Chlorite) CCa-1 or CCa-2 or CCa-3
Post, J.L.,and Plummer, C.C.,1972, Chlorite series of the Flagstaff Hillarea,
California: a preliminary investigation, Clays and Clay Minerals,v.20,
p.271-283.
Rectorite RAr-1 or RAr-2
Miser, H.D.,and Milton, C.,1964, Quartz, rectorite, and cookeite from
theJeffrey Quarry, North Little Rock, Pulaski Co., Arkansas, Arkansas
GeologicalCommission, Bull.21 (in coop. with the U.S.G.S.), Little Rock,
Arkansas,29 p.
Otay Bentonite SCa-2 or SCa-3
Kerr, P.F.,1949, American Petroleum Institute Project 49, Columbia
University,NY (API-24 clay standard).
Cleveland, G.B.,1960, Geology of the Otay bentonite deposit, San Diego
County,California, Special Report 64, California Division of Mines, v.16.
Grim, R.E.,and Kulbicki, G.,1961, Montmorillonite: high temperature
reactionsand classification, American Mineralogist, v.46, p.1329-1369.
Weaver, C.E.,and Pollard, L.D.,1973, The chemistry of clay minerals,
Singer,A.,and E. Galan, eds., Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci.
Publ.Co.,p.55-76.
Grim, R.E.,and Guven, N.,1978, Bentonites - geology, mineralogy, properties,and
uses, Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., 256p.
Post, J.L.,1981, Expansive soils - volume change and expansion pressureof
smectites, California Geology, v.34, p.197-203.
*Ferruginous Smectite SWa-1
Kerr, P.F.,1949, American Petroleum Institute Project 49, Columbia
University,New York.
Grim, R.E.,and Kulbicki, G.,1961, Montmorillonite: high temperature
reactionsand classification, American Mineralogist, v.46, p.1329-1369.
*Vermiculite VTx-1
Clabaugh, S.E.,and Barnes, V.E.,1959, Vermiculite in Central Texas Reportof
Investigations - No.40, Bureau of Economic Geology, University ofTexas, Austin,
TX, p.1-32.
Folk, R.L.,Hayes, M.O.,Brown, T.E.,Eargle, D.H.,Weeks, A.D.,Barnes V.E.,andClabaugh,
S.E.,1961, Field excursion - Central Texas Guidebook No.3,Bureau of Economic
Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 53 p.
Barnes, V.E.,Bell W.C.,Clabaugh, S.E.,Cloud, P.E.Jr.,Young, K.,and
McGehee,R.V.,1963, Field excursion - geology of the Llano region and
Austinarea, Guidebook No.5, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of
Texas,Austin, TX, 131 p.
Bailey, S.W.,1975, Cation ordering and pseudo symmetry in layer
silicates,American Mineralogist, v.60, p.175-187.
Brindley, G.W.,and Brown, G.,1980, Crystal structures of clay minerals andtheir
x-ray identification, Mineralogical Society Monograpf No.5,
MineralogicalSociety, London, p.98-104.
Illite IMt-1 or IMt-2
Hower, J.,and Mowatt, T.C.,1966, The mineralogy of illites and mixed-layerillite/montmorillonites,
American Mineralogist, v.51, p.825-854.
*Nontronite NG-1
Schneiderhorn, P.,1965, Nontronit vom Hohen Hagen und Chloropal vom
MeenserSteinberg bei Gottingen, Tschermaks Min. u. Petr. Mitt., Bd. 10, H.1-4,
386-399.
Saponite SapCa-1 or SapCa-2
Post, J.L.,1981, Expansive soils - volume change and expansion pressureof
smectites, California Geology, v.34, p.197-203.
Post, J.L.,1984, Saponite from near Ballarat, California, Clays and
ClayMinerals, v.32, p.147-153.
Sepiolite SepSp-1
Galan, E.B.,Lalglesia, A.,and Robertson, R.H.S.,1975, The Caceres
polygorskitedeposit, Spain, Proceedings of the International Clay Conference,
1975(Mexico City), p.81-94.
*Sepiolite Sep-Nev-1
Post, J.L.,1978, Sepiolite deposits of the Las vegas, Nevada area, Claysand
Clay Minerals, v.26, p.58-64
Post, J.L.,and Janke, N.C.,1984, Ballarat sepiolite, Inyo Co., California,in,
Palyzorskite-Sepiolite: occurrences, genesis, and uses, Singer,A.,and E. Galan,
eds., Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier SciencePubl. Co. p.159-167.
Cookeite CAr-1 or CAr-2
Miser, H.D.,and Milton, C.,1964, Quartz, rectorite, and cookeite from
theJeffrey Quarry, North Little Rock, Pulaski Co., Arkansas, Arkansas
GeologicalCommission, Bull.21 ( in coop. with U.S.G.S.), Little Rock,
Arkansas,29 p.
Bailey, S.W.,1975, Cation ordering and pseudosymmetry in layer
silicates,American Mineralogist, v.60, p.175-187.
Beidellite SBCa-1 or SBId-1
Post et al, 1997, Clays and Clay Minerals 45:240-250
Nontronite NAu-1 and NAu-2
Keeling, J.L.et al. 2000 "Geology and perliminary characterization of
twonontronites from Uley graphite mine, South Australia" Clays and
ClayMinerals.
Illite IWi-1
Grathoff et al. 1995. Abstract of 32nd Annual Clay Minerals SocietyMeeting.
*Temporarily not available in Source Clay Minerals Repository.